It was once thought that to prove the cause of an infection, a microbe is found. The microbe is isolated from the unhealthy person. Later, this infection is reproduced in an otherwise healthy animal by injecting that particular microbe. This approach is described in Koch’s Postulates and was the dogma of microbiology for over a hundred years. However, current research about back and forth elaborate intelligent communication between cells, including microbes, has shown that de

Microbes demonstrate incredible sophistication in making effector molecules that have multi-layered effects. A previous post described how some of these newly created proteins are the exact shapes that alter epigenetic tags in host cells. They produce very particular genetic changes influencing cascades in the nucleus, mitochondria and Golgi that make life easier for an invading microbe. Just as microbes manipulate these vastly complex multi level processes, the secretory mac

Human cells are massively larger and more complex than bacteria and yet microbes keep up relentless intelligent warfare. Previous posts documented surprisingly sophisticated, multi level attacks by microbes using protein molecules and micro RNA against plants and animals. Recently, new microbe techniques have been discovered that specifically target organelles of the human cell. These complex assaults can directly manipulate genes to produce unique proteins. These altered pro

Bacteria demonstrate the ability to communicate and coordinate their activity with others of their species, forming a form of multicellularity.

Evidence of intelligent behavior in subcellular structures.

Microbes behave as if they have a mind of their own, despite being the simplest form of life on earth and without anything that resembles a brain.